IEEE 2015 WIRELESS PROJECTS

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Impulse Technologies are a professionally managed Business House specialized in providing innovative business solutions by offering quality IT services high performance and design efficiency. The company concentrates on Multi-Domain Diversified Technologies and has developed versatile experience over the years. It is focused on executing hi-end Technology services and Engineering Solutions to its clients that including leading Indian and Global companies. It follows ISO 9001 standards. It is equivalent to SEI-CMM level 3 company. We are providing end to end solutions.

1ZigBee based irrigation system for home gardens

ZigBee based irrigation system for home gardens

Single-chip microcontrollers equipped with wireless transceivers are gaining popularity in smart home automation because of their built-in resources, low power consumption, size, affordability and durability. Research and development professionals are seizing the opportunity to design and integrate more functions and services for smart home monitoring and control systems utilizing such microcontrollers. This paper presents a wireless irrigation system for a smart home garden that can be integrated with existing smart home control systems. The system consists of slave nodes and a master station each of which is equipped with a wireless microcontroller. Each slave node is equipped with a temperature sensor, a soil-moister sensor, a water valve, a microcontroller and a zigbee transceiver. The slave microcontroller reads and frames the surrounding temperature of the garden's grass and trees along with soil moisture. Then, the frame is forwarded to the master station via a zigbee ad-hoc network. The master station has an embedded fuzzy logic irrigation algorithm to water the grass and trees based on a set of rules. A home web-server is interfaced with the master station for remote access monitoring and operation. The proposed system can be operated as a stand-alone unit or can be integrated with existing home automation systems

2 A Blind Zone Alert System Based on Intra-Vehicular Wireless Sensor Networks

A Blind Zone Alert System Based on Intra-Vehicular Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the increasing number of sensors deployed in modern vehicles, intra-vehicular wireless sensor networks (IVWSNs) have recently received a lot of attention in the automotive industry, as they can reduce the amount of wiring harness inside a vehicle. By removing the wires, car manufacturers can reduce the weight of a vehicle and improve engine performance, fuel economy, and reliability. In addition to these direct benefits, an IVWSN is a versatile platform that can support other vehicular applications as well. An example application, known as a side blind zone alert (SBZA) system, which monitors the blind zone of the vehicle and alerts the driver in a timely manner to prevent collisions, is discussed in this paper. The performance of the IVWSN-based SBZA system is evaluated via real experiments conducted on two test vehicles. Our results show that the proposed system can achieve approximately 95%-99% detection rate with less than 15% false alarm rate. Compared with commercial systems using radars or cameras, the main benefit of the IVWSN-based SBZA is substantially lower cost.

3 Smart power management system for home appliances and wellness based on WSN and mobile technology

Smart power management system for home appliances and wellness based on WSN and mobile technology

This work is focused on the development of a new management system for building and home automation that provides a fully real time monitor of household appliances and home environmental parameters. The developed system consists of a smart sensing unit, wireless sensors and actuators and a Web-based interface for remote and mobile applications. The main advantages of the proposed solution rely on the reliability of the developed algorithmics, on modularity and open-system characteristics, on low power consumption and system cost efficiency.

4 Low cost Wireless Image Sensor Networks for visual surveillance and intrusion detection

Low cost Wireless Image Sensor Networks for visual surveillance and intrusion detection applications

Wireless Image Sensor Networks (WISN) where sensor nodes are equipped with miniaturized visual CMOS cameras to provide visual information is a promising technology for situation-awareness, search&rescue applications or intrusion detection applications. In this paper, we present an off-the-shelf image sensor based on an Arduino Due board with a CMOS uCamII camera. The image sensor works with raw 128×128 image and implements a simple intrusion detection mechanism based on simple-differencing technique. The total time for getting the image, encoding it, detecting intrusion and transmitting it can be less than 2.3s. We detail the performance measures and using real hardware constraints, we also show how more accurate simulation model can be built for large-scale multi-hop networked configurations.

5 WSN-Based Smart Sensors and Actuator for Power Management in Intelligent Buildings

WSN-Based Smart Sensors and Actuator for Power Management in Intelligent Buildings

The design and development of a smart monitoring and controlling system for household electrical appliances in real time has been reported in this paper. The system principally monitors electrical parameters of household appliances such as voltage and current and subsequently calculates the power consumed. The novelty of this system is the implementation of the controlling mechanism of appliances in different ways. The developed system is a low-cost and flexible in operation and thus can save electricity expense of the consumers. The prototype has been extensively tested in real-life situations and experimental results are very encouraging.

6 A practical in-home illumination consideration to reduce data rate fluctuation in visible light

A practical in-home illumination consideration to reduce data rate fluctuation in visible light communication

Visible light communication based on LED has attracted more and more attention. As the primary function of LED luminaries is optimized for lighting and illumination, it challenges the communication properties of VLC. An investigation based on different in-home illumination conditions using commercially available whitelight LED luminaries to optimize both illumination and communication is highly desirable. In this work, we investigate joint illumination and communication systems to provide an in-home lighting and VLC system. We first focus on the performance constraints set by illumination properties and discuss lighting conditions using different kinds of commercially available luminaries, beam angles, and LED lamp arrangements, and consider reflections off different wall materials. Then we propose and experimentally demonstrate a white-light phosphor-based LED adaptive data rate VLC system. Finally, the achievable data rates of a joint illumination and VLC system are discussed based on the experimental results, and an environment with reduced VLC data rate fluctuation can be achieved.

7 Optimal Smart Home Energy Management Considering Energy Saving and a Comfortable Lifestyle

Optimal Smart Home Energy Management Considering Energy Saving and a Comfortable Lifestyle

One of the most challenging problems associated with operation of smart micro-grids is the optimal energy management of residential buildings with respect to multiple and often conflicting objectives. In this paper, a multiobjective mixed integer nonlinear programming model is developed for optimal energy use in a smart home, considering a meaningful balance between energy saving and a comfortable lifestyle. Thorough incorporation of a mixed objective function under different system constraints and user preferences, the proposed algorithm could not only reduce the domestic energy usage and utility bills, but also ensure an optimal task scheduling and a thermal comfort zone for the inhabitants. To verify the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm, a number of simulations were performed under different scenarios using real data, and the obtained results were compared in terms of total energy consumption cost, users' convenience rates, and thermal comfort level.

8 Smart Home : A Cost-Effective Energy Ecosystem with Intelligent Hierarchical Agents

Smart Home in Smart Microgrid: A Cost-Effective Energy Ecosystem with Intelligent Hierarchical Agents

Smart grid is advancing power grids significantly, with higher power generation efficiency, lower energy consumption cost, and better user experience. Microgrid utilizes distributed renewable energy generation to reduce the burden on utility grids. This paper proposes an energy ecosystem; a cost-effective smart microgrid based on intelligent hierarchical agents with dynamic demand response (DR) and distributed energy resource (DER) management. With a dynamic update mechanism, DR automatically adapts to users' preference and varying external information. The DER management coordinates operations of micro combined heat and power systems ($boldsymbol {mu }$ CHPs), and vanadium redox battery (VRB) according to DR decisions. A two-level shared cost-led $boldsymbol {mu }$ CHPs management strategy is proposed to reduce energy consumption cost further. VRB discharging is managed to be environment-adaptive. Simulations and numerical results show the proposed system is very effective in reducing the energy consumption cost while satisfying user's preference.

9Implementation of Smart Home Control Systems Based on WSN and Power Line Communications

Design and Implementation of Smart Home Control Systems Based on Wireless Sensor Networks and Power Line Communications

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and power line communications (PLCs) are used in this work to implement a smart home control network. The goals are to reduce the impact of wireless interference on a smart home control network and unnecessary energy consumption of a smart home. An isolated WSN with one coordinator, which is integrated into the PLC transceiver, is established in each room. The coordinator is responsible for transferring environmental parameters obtained by WSNs to the management station via PLCs. The control messages for home appliances are directly transferred using PLCs rather than WSNs. According to the experimental results, the impact of wireless interference on the proposed smart home control network is substantially mitigated. Additionally, a smart control algorithm for lighting systems and an analysis of the illumination of a fluorescent lamp were presented. The energy saving of lighting systems relative to those without smart control was evaluated. Numerical results indicate that the electricity consumption on a sunny or cloudy day can be reduced by at least 40% under the smart control. Moreover, a prototype for the proposed smart home control network with the smart control algorithm was implemented. Experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed system for smart home control networks is practically feasible and performs well.

10 Automated Health Alerts Using In-Home Sensor Data for Embedded Health Assessment

Automated Health Alerts Using In-Home Sensor Data for Embedded Health Assessment

We present an example of unobtrusive, continuous monitoring in the home for the purpose of assessing early health changes. Sensors embedded in the environment capture behavior and activity patterns. Changes in patterns are detected as potential signs of changing health. We first present results of a preliminary study investigating 22 features extracted from in-home sensor data. A 1-D alert algorithm was then implemented to generate health alerts to clinicians in a senior housing facility. Clinicians analyze each alert and provide a rating on the clinical relevance. These ratings are then used as ground truth for training and testing classifiers. Here, we present the methodology for four classification approaches that fuse multisensor data. Results are shown using embedded sensor data and health alert ratings collected on 21 seniors over nine months. The best results show similar performance for two techniques, where one approach uses only domain knowledge and the second uses supervised learning for training. Finally, we propose a health change detection model based on these results and clinical expertise. The system of in-home sensors and algorithms for automated health alerts provides a method for detecting health problems very early so that early treatment is possible. This method of passive in-home sensing alleviates compliance issues.

11 Development of a voice-controlled home automation using Zigbee module

Development of a voice-controlled home automation using Zigbee module

In this study, we aimed speech recognition-based remote control of home devices. The system was designed at two stages: speech recognition module and transmitter module that sends commands including fewer than two main headings. In the first stage speech recognition algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCCs) are used as a feature extraction method. Dynamic Timing Warping (DTW) is used as a feature matching method. After the recognition of speech commands entered, Arduino pin situation is changed via USB. The voltage change in pin is detected by the same pin connected to the transmitter Zigbee module. When the change is detected, Zigbee transmitter sends data to connecting on the desired device to be controlled the receiver Zigbee module via wireless network. When sending data detected by the receiver Zigbee module, 5V relay is triggered connecting on the device pins of the module. Thus, it was possible to successfully remotely control any device with speech commands using wireless network.

12 A ZigBee based reliable and efficient power metering system for energy management and controlling

A ZigBee based reliable and efficient power metering system for energy management and controlling

Planning and management of energy are among the most important topics nowadays due to the fact that the existing power plants and systems fail to satisfy the energy demand and keep up with the daily developing technologies. To maintain the energy need of the existing systems, researchers are aiming to improve usage and savings of available resources and systems. For example, power metering system has been proposed to decrease the energy wasting. The purpose of this system can be explained as limiting the energy consumption in some cases like standby or while switching programs or devices which the system is installed on. By blocking the unnecessary consumption of energy, profits and savings are targeted. In this work, a new power meter system based on ZigBee technology is designed and implemented to obtain a more efficient structure and reduce the number of disadvantages of the existing technologies. In SmartPlug, the MCU was moved into the plug from outer environment and shifting the host to a spectator to eliminate user based faults and/or problems. Moreover, the proposed structure enhances the safety by detecting the sudden voltage fluctuations and preventing the possible damages of end-devices. In addition to these, we prove that cutting of stand-by powers and limiting the energy consumption by arranging the working hours of devices based on energy unit prices provide efficient, right and cheap usage of the energy.

13 Two embedded system design techniques for wireless remote monitoring service

Two embedded system design techniques for wireless remote monitoring service

In order to upgrade the conventional remote monitoring service, the two embedded system design and implementation methods for the wireless remote monitoring service, which provide a wireless image observation with temporary ad-hoc network, are proposed in this paper. The first method is based on the embedded system design technique for a nearly real-time wireless image observation application service and has the maximum 1 fps (frame per second) transmission rate capability per a 160×128 pixel image. The second technique uses the embedded system for an ordinary wireless long-time observation application service with the wireless image transmission rate capability of 0.33 fps.

14 Implementation of an in campus fire alarm system using ZigBee

Implementation of an in campus fire alarm system using ZigBee

Nearly all our buildings and workspaces are protected against fire breaks, which may occur due to some fault in the electric circuitries and power sources. The immediate alarming and aid to extinguish the fire in such situations of fire breaks are provided using embedded systems installed in the buildings. But as the area being monitored against such fire threats becomes vast, these systems do not provide a centralized solution. For the protection of such a huge area, like a college campus or an industrial park, a centralized wireless fire control system using Wireless sensor network technology is developed. The system developed connects the five dangers prone zones of the campus with a central control room through a ZigBee communication interface such that in case of any fire break in any of the building, a direct communication channel is developed that will send an immediate signal to the control room. In case if any of the emergency zone lies out of reach of the central node, multi hoping technique is adopted for the effective transmitting of the signal. The five nodes maintains a wireless interlink among themselves as well as with the central node for this purpose. Moreover a hooter is attached along with these nodes to notify the occurrence of any fire break such that the persons can leave the building immediately and with the help of the signal received in the control room, the exact building where the fire break occurred is identified and fire extinguishing is done. The real time system developed is implemented in Atmega32 with temperature, fire and humidity sensors and ZigBee module.

15 ZigBee Based Communication System for Data Transfer within Future Microgrids

ZigBee Based Communication System for Data Transfer within Future Microgrids

A wireless data communication system for future microgrids (MGs) is presented in this paper. It is assumed that each MG has a central controller and each distributed generation unit in the MG has a local controller. The communication system is responsible for transmitting and receiving data amongst these controllers. This communication system is based on ZigBee technology, which is a low cost and low power consumption device. However, its main limitation is the low data transfer rate. To reduce the number of data transactions, a data management scheme is presented in this paper. The required data to be transferred are defined and a suitable coding is proposed. Finally, the number of transmitted symbols and the processing time of the proposed data management scheme are numerically analyzed. In addition, the dynamic operation of an MG is evaluated considering the delays that are imposed by this communication system.

16 Wireless ARM-Based Automatic Meter Reading & control system

Wireless ARM-Based Automatic Meter Reading & control system

This paper implements a wireless ARM-based automatic meter reading and control system (WAMRCS) for distribution automation. The WAMRCS is designed based on a 32-bit ARM microprocessor to deal with power data processing and relay control. In order to provide a cost-effective, wireless, always-connected, two-way data link between utility company and WAMRCS, the WAMRCS sends information of utility usage, power quality and outage alarm to utility company via GPRS network. Compared with analog utility meter reading by manpower, WAMRCS is more accurate, reliable, cost-effective, quick and free from man-made errors. It can provide extra capabilities such as distribution automation, load management and time-of-use rate.

17 Smart office energy management system using bluetooth low energy based beacons and a mobile app

Smart office energy management system using bluetooth low energy based beacons and a mobile app

This paper describes a smart office energy management system (SOEMS) that can reduce the energy consumption of PCs, monitors, and lights in an office environment through the use of a mobile app and Bluetooth Low Energy based Beacons (BLE Beacons). BLE Beacons placed at several places in an office and a mobile app are used to determine whether a user enters or exits the office to change the power saving mode of the user's PCs, monitors, and lights. The proposed system can reduce energy consumption in the office without causing user inconvenience.

18 Enlighten Wearable Physiological Monitoring Systems

Enlighten Wearable Physiological Monitoring Systems: On-body RF Characteristics Based Human Motion Classification Using a Support Vector Machine

The real-time health monitoring system is a promising body area network application to enhance the safety of firefighters when they are working in harsh and dangerous environments. Other than monitoring the physiological status of the firefighters, on-body monitoring networks can be also regarded as a candidate solution of motion detection and classification. In this paper, we consider motion classification with features obtained from the on-body radio frequency (RF) channel. Various relevant RF features have been identified and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been implemented to facilitate human motion classification. In particular, we distinguish the most frequently appearing human motions of firefighters including standing, walking, running, lying, crawling, climbing and running upstairs with an average true classification rate of 88.69%. Classification performance has been analyzed from three different perspectives including typical classification results, effects of candidate human motions and effects of on-body sensor locations. We prove that even a subset of available RF features provides an acceptable classification rate, which may result in less computational cost and easier implementation by using our proposed scheme.

19 Dynamic integration of appliances into ZigBee home networks through web services

Dynamic integration of appliances into ZigBee home networks through web services

This paper presents an effective system for dynamic integration of appliances into a ZigBee home network through home gateways based on Web services. The proposed architecture will be described along the paper. The resulting system has been implemented and was used in experiments in a home network test bed in order to prove its feasibility and effectiveness. The obtained results are promising. This new architecture is expected to contribute to the development of ubiquitous service systems for home network domains using consumer electronic devices.

20 Wi lights — A wireless solution to control headlight intensity

Wi lights — A wireless solution to control headlight intensity

A number of factors are considered during the analysis of automobile transportation with respect to increasing safety. One of the vital factors for night-time travel is temporary blindness due to increase in the headlight intensity. While headlight intensity provides better visual acuity, it simultaneously affects oncoming traffic. This problem is encountered when both drivers are using a higher headlight intensity setting. Also, increased speed of the vehicles due to decreased traffic levels at night increases the severity of accidents. In order to reduce accidents due to temporary driver blindness, a wireless sensor network (WSN) based controller could be developed to transmit sensor data in a faster and an efficient way between cars. Low latency allows faster headlight intensity adjustment between the vehicles to drastically reduce the cause of temporary blindness. An attempt has been made to come up with a system which would sense the intensity of the headlight of the oncoming vehicle and depending on the threshold headlight intensity being set in the system it would automatically reduce the intensity of the headlight of the oncoming vehicle using wireless sensor network thus reducing the condition of temporary blindness caused due to excessive exposure to headlights.

21 Smart power management system for home appliances and wellness

Smart power management system for home appliances and wellness based on wireless sensors network and mobile technology

22 Toward visualising and controlling household electrical appliances

Toward visualising and controlling household electrical appliances

Energy consumption is a vital component in day-today life. Visualising energy consumption, recommending energy conserving strategies and, controlling the appliances are some of the widely considered means to motivate and/or to help end-users at household to conserve energy. However, the conventional energy visualisation applications have certain drawbacks, such as lack of energy consumption location, lack of controlling appliances based on energy-saving recommendations, etc. To overcome those, this research would accomplish a simulation model by designing the following: (i) visualisation engine, to visualise household electricity consumption, (ii) recommendation engine, to provide energy-saving recommendations to the end-users, (iii) control engine, to control the household appliances based on the recommendations, and (iv) integrate visualisation, recommendation and control engines. This research uses a combination of user-centred design and iterative development methods. Successful implementation of these objectives would provide a significant contribution to this inter-disciplinary research area and would serve to achieve higher energy savings.

23 Smart home for elderly care, based on Wireless Sensor Network

Smart home for elderly care, based on Wireless Sensor Network

The population of elder people is growing rapidly and these days many of them have to stay alone, independently instead of old age homes. With increasing age, people tend to forget things which may create safety problems for them. In this paper, it is proposed to develop a Wireless Sensor Network based smart home system for such elder people to help them ease their work and provide them safe, sound and secure living. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is comprised of a large number of sensor nodes that are deployed in an unattended and remote environment to measure a few physiological parameters. The recent development in WSNs is the concept of Smart Homes. Smart homes integrate many devices that can sense the required parameters and control the characteristics of the home. The great progress in the industry standards and installation of lightweight wireless networking hardware over a period of time has proved ZigBee to be well suited for Smart homes and automation systems. ZigBee is a low cost, low power, less complex wireless standard. In this paper, sensors like temperature sensor, LPG sensor, Contact sensor are proposed to be deployed for fire detection, gas leakage detection and determination of whether any door is closed or open, respectively. LabVIEW is used as a graphical user interface. In case of any emergency, a warning message will be generated, and played through a loudspeaker for the user to take notice of the same and an SMS will be sent to the caregiver using GSM modem to take preventive action.

rescuing humans and extinguishing fires for Cooperative Fire Security System using HARMS

Humanoid robots rescuing humans and extinguishing fires for Cooperative Fire Security System using HARMS

Fires cause billions of dollars in damage and thousands of deaths each year. Firefighting robots are being deployed around the world to reduce the loss of human life and the amount of property damage. High-rise buildings are used for both business and family homes. Buildings with dozens of floors present a great challenge to firefighters. Firefighter ladders cannot reach high enough to fight fires at the top of the building. Going into the building itself, in order to extinguish the blazing fire, is typically too dangerous and puts firefighters at risk. Monitoring, locating, and extinguishing the fire in the smallest amount of time is crucial to controlling fires in highrise buildings. This paper introduces humanoid robots capable of moving towards and extinguishing a fire and locating and rescuing any humans unlucky enough to be trapped in the inferno. This paper is one part of a Cooperative Fire Security System using HARMS (CFS2H) that detects, locates, and extinguishes a fire and rescues human beings using the Human, Agent, Robot, Machine, Sensor (HARMS) protocol.

25 Intelligent Power Monitoring Switch using MSP430

Intelligent Power Monitoring Switch using MSP430

This research paper presents the biggest challenge to maintain the gap between demand and supply of power by the authorities, our i.P.M.S. will help to conserve power to some extent. The necessity is to develop a circuit which should be an intelligent automation system with low cost. Such system should be enhanced with all integrated multi functions such as Measurement, Protection, Monitoring, Control, Local Monitoring and Remote Monitoring which will be an efficient manner to conserve electricity. We all strictly believe that, “Energy conserved is energy earned”. This Intelligent Power Monitoring Switch makes a unique and practical approach in saving money and power for tomorrow by reducing electricity bills.

26 Multi control chandelier operations using XBee for home automation

Multi control chandelier operations using XBee for home automation

Home automation systems aim to control all home activities and functionalities. Control can be done through a remote control that sends command signals wirelessly by means of infrared radiation, Bluetooth connectivity, or any other RF technology as well as via internet or GSM communication. The controlled target devices usually include domestic appliances, security and safety systems, HVAC systems, home theater, lights, and many other home tasks. In this study, we design, program, and implement a light chandelier with multiple functionalities. The operational modalities comprise manual and remote on/off, different working timers, daylight, romance option, light dimming, party style, on/off luminosity turning, password keys, and motion detection. The chandelier remote control uses XBee transceivers that fulfill secure commands and prevent any interference between similar systems. The remote control realization is based on PIC 16F877A microcontroller and supported by an LCD to display notification

27 Small arm intelligent training aid

Small arm intelligent training aid

The Deployment of SAITA is in the direction of developing the unique firing skill into the soldier. The proposed system is portable, simple, and cost effective and resource saving equipment which can be utilized by troops even during small breaks in the deployment to practice their weapon training and remove the need to carry out firing practice at SA ranges. This equipment can be issued down to platoon level and can be utilized by platoon commanders to train their command in basic as well as advanced firing drills and also improve the accuracy and consistency of SA firer without resorting the actual firing as well as during actual firing. The proposed system is Matlab based system with RF communication. It provides the miss distance of aim point from target point as well as of bullet from an aim point passes through the target plane. Initial work indicates that a low-cost solution can achieve millimeter-level accuracy irrespective of velocity over a wide range of environmental conditions

28 Optimized Training Design for Wireless Energy Transfer

Optimized Training Design for Wireless Energy Transfer

Radio-frequency (RF) enabled wireless energy transfer (WET), as a promising solution to provide cost-effective and reliable power supplies for energy-constrained wireless networks, has drawn growing interests recently. To overcome the significant propagation loss over distance, employing multi-antennas at the energy transmitter (ET) to more efficiently direct wireless energy to desired energy receivers (ERs), termed energy beamforming, is an essential technique for enabling WET. However, the achievable gain of energy beamforming crucially depends on the available channel state information (CSI) at the ET, which needs to be acquired practically. In this paper, we study the design of an efficient channel acquisition method for a point-to-point multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) WET system by exploiting the channel reciprocity, i.e., the ET estimates the CSI via dedicated reverse-link training from the ER. Considering the limited energy availability at the ER, the training strategy should be carefully designed so that the channel can be estimated with sufficient accuracy, and yet without consuming excessive energy at the ER. To this end, we propose to maximize the net harvested energy at the ER, which is the average harvested energy offset by that used for channel training. An optimization problem is formulated for the training design over MIMO Rician fading channels, including the subset of ER antennas to be trained, as well as the training time and power allocated. Closed-form solutions are obtained for some special scenarios, based on which useful insights are drawn on when training should be employed to improve the net transferred energy in MIMO WET systems.

29 A novel video processing based cost effective smart trolley system for supermarkets

A novel video processing based cost effective smart trolley system for supermarkets using FPGA

One of the major problems faced by consumers while shopping at a supermarket is the inability to locate items and also to carry goods to the billing counter. In this paper, we describe a novel cost-effective method to overcome these issues by creating a smart trolley using a web camera along with video processing to complete the tasks. In comparison with previous methods which utilize RFID transceivers, our solution costs 10 times lesser than its predecessors and is environment friendly as well.

31 Wireless color sensing arm robot

Wireless color sensing arm robot

This paper presents the implementation of wireless arm robot using Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) and virtual Instruments programming using LabVIEW graphical language. The wireless control has been implemented with Zigbee protocol. Some of the main features of Zigbee protocol are to establish wireless communication medium between the arm robot and the PC controller. The hardware system is based on the PSoC microcontroller interfaced wirelessly with LabVIEW via a Zigbee module. The user can send the control instructions to the robot from the PC by using the Zigbee Protocol. As soon as the instruction is received by another Zigbee at the receiver end, PSoC microcontroller will come into action and will start the motor drivers so that the Robot starts moving as per the instructions sent by the user/ operator from PC. In addition to the above qualities of the arm robot, its intelligence is further upgraded in this design by making use of a color sensor to identify and handle the required color objects.

32 Embedded Wireless Data Acquisition system for unmanned vehicle in underwater environment

Embedded Wireless Data Acquisition system for unmanned vehicle in underwater environment

Underwater robots can record data that is difficult for humans to gather. In recent years, robotic underwater vehicles have become useful for variety of industrial and civil sectors in exploring the water bodies. They are used extensively by the scientific community to study the ocean, fresh water & underwater environment. ZigBee is an efficient & effective wireless network standard for wireless control and monitoring applications. It is an alternate technology that has changed connectivity between the communicating systems. The objective of this model is to design a wireless underwater robot for security purpose and better understand water and its environment with electronics, motion control and sensor system. This paper will present an implemented model of Embedded Wireless Data Acquisition system using zigbee which will be controlled using the PIC microcontroller which will be programmed using embedded C language. The wireless rotating camera will capture the images & video. Sonar, depth, temperature sensors will acquire data and transmit to the user computer using zigbee. The DC motor is used for the movement of the robot & controlled wirelessly by user. In our implementation the PIC acts as the Central Data Acquisition System which is controlling system and acquires the data from different subsystems of an unmanned underwater vehicle. This new method of implementation of zigbee as a medium for data acquisition system will be useful for cleaning, monitoring, understanding the clean and unclean underwater environment.

33 A human detection method f or residential smart energy systems based on Zigbee RSSI

The paper presents a novel method for human detection that is applied to the automatic control of home appliances' power consumption. The method uses a wireless smart outlets network and changes of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) between stationary communication nodes (2.4 GHz smart outlets). The main idea is to monitor the changes of RSSI which violate the established radio communication field between nodes inside a room, due to a human's presence.When a person enters into the established radio communication field, he/she induces the change of RSSI which is periodically read during the message exchange between wireless nodes. Based on the detected changes with regard to the initial thresholds, the system detects human presence and responds with the automatic control of power consumption of all appliances connected to the power network. Such an approach increases users' awareness by contributing to the energy savings and low installation costs.

34 Realization of intelligence monitoring system based on remote sensor technology

With the continuous improvement of living standards, people's demands on security also grow with each passing day. In order to achieve safety monitoring on important places or valuables, a new intelligence monitoring system was designed and implemented. It took the wireless sensor technology and the embedded control technology as the foundation. At the same time, it realized the wireless remote communication with GSM mobile communication technology.

The structure, function and working principle of the wireless remote monitoring system were introduced. The hardware and software of the system were all designed and realized. It achieved wireless remote monitoring on important places and valuables finally. Experimental results show that the wireless remote monitoring system works well and has the stable data collection and transmission quality. It has a high value for practical application.

35 Design and Implementation of Wireless Obstacle Detection System for Safe Locomotion

Obstacle detection is one of the important aspects to be considered in the development of smart assistive devices. The latest mobility assistive devices are equipped with this function as a safety precaution for the users to avoid obstacles in their path. In this project, a wireless, miniature, low cost, obstacle detection system is proposed. The system is based on optical sensors which can detect a wide

range of obstacles, such as small objects on the walkway (e.g., toys), large static obstructions (e.g. building wall), as well as stairs and uneven surfaces, and inform the wearer several times before making contact with the object (e.g., 0.5m, 1.5m and 2m). The sensors are miniature and are suitable for integrating in the shoe for the wearer to undertake normal daily activities.

36 Remote management and control system for LED based plant factory using ZigBee and Internet

Recently, intelligent systems for agricultural production are being developed for safe and low cost food production. Plant factory provide high yield by growing multiple crops and making efficient use of land and resources. Plant growth is facilitated by maintaining humidity, temperature, CO2 concentration and light intensity and these factors need to be monitored and maintained for an automated system. In this paper, we have proposed a control system for a LED based plant factory consisting of ZigBee wireless mesh network, and remote monitoring via Internet. Field sensors are installed for monitoring environmental conditions and power metering and ZigBee mesh network has been deployed for data acquisition from these sensors. ZigBee nodes transfer the field data to the coordinator node which also serves as a gateway node providing interoperability between TCP/IP network and ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). A major novelty of the system is the use of LED lighting instead of fluorescent lighting due to its low power consumption, long life and useful narrow band.

37 ZigBee based energy efficient outdoor lighting control system

This paper presents user-centric energy efficient lighting control architecture for street lamps. The system utilizes ZigBee technology to implement wireless mesh network of street lamps. The coordinator, serving as gateway between ZigBee nodes and internet, relays information of interests to remote user. The proposed system comprises of LED lamps, gateway node, and management software that offer remote monitoring and control of the lamps. Each LED lamp is integrated with ZigBee node, sensors and the Controller module along with ballast actuator. To realize effectiveness of proposed system, prototype has been installed inside University.

38 Low-cost, high-accuracy, state estimation for vehicle collision prevention system

In this paper, a low-cost navigation system with high integrity and reliability is proposed for enhancing highway traffic safety in adverse weather situations, such as a foggy or rainy weather. A high-integrity, 15-state, estimation filter is proposed to obtain a high accuracy state estimate. The filter utilizes a vehicle velocity constraint measurement to enhance the accuracy of the estimate. Two estimations filters, the Kalman filter (KF) and the information filter (IF), are designed and compared to obtain the estimate of the vehicle state. An instrumentation system that consists of a microcontroller, a GPS receiver, an IMU, encoders, and a Zigbee transceiver is constructed.

39 A design for wireless access control system based on ZigBee

ZigBee technology brings about the application of wireless communication and data transformation technology in transformation system due to its low cost and low power consumption. This paper presents a solution of access control system base on the ZigBee technology under IEEE802.15.4 standards with the transformation system. The solution of ZigBee is presented mainly adopting RF chip MC13192 with ATMega128, and its hardware circuits and structure and working principle are given too. the proposed method is fit for wireless transformation system for its flexibility, big capacity, extensibility and easily connecting to network.

40 Speech recognition based wireless automation of home loads with fault identification

The design of this project helps in providing a fool proof solution for physically challenged to control their home appliances by giving voice commands through personal computer in a wireless environment. When automating a home load not available in the visible range, Fault identification system in this design helps the user to ensure that their home appliances had gone exactly ON or OFF or undergone FAULT by getting the status from load end, unlike the other design that gets the status at user end which may give a false indication, when power supply is not available for the particular load or when load get open circuited (due to wire discontinuity or open fuse condition). During user screen navigation and controlling home appliances voice output of the current screen information and status of the automated appliances enables visually impaired person to use the system to control their home appliances.Navigation of the screen by giving voice commands enables paralyzed person and person who lost their hands in an unfortunate accident to control their home loads along with normal person.

42 A smart energy meter architecture in Indian context

43 Wireless communication solutions for distributed strain measure systems in mechanical structures

This paper describes considerations associated with design of wireless distributed strain measure system of mechanical structures with particular emphasis on selection of wireless communication technology, which will be applied in TULCOEMPA project. Problems associated with specific wireless communication standards, the reasons of their use, benefits and problems that come with them.

Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15.4 networks are being presented and compared with each other. The summary of the features allows to identify the areas of applications, in which those communication protocols are suitable, primarily in context of proposed structure of wireless strain measure system.

44 A Ubiquitous Homecare Service System Using a Wearable User Interface Device

This paper presents design and implementation of a homecare system that provides home control assistance and fall detection services using a wrist-watch type wireless motion and location sensing device. This user interface device is equipped with a Zigbee radio transceiver to communicate with a home gateway and track location of the user. The user interface device is also equipped with a 3-axis accelerometer to measure user's 3D motion data so that the home gateway can recognize the user's behavior and fall status.

45 The water quality monitoring system based on WSN

The water quality monitoring system is designed for the need of environmental protection department in a particular area of the water quality requirements. The system is based on the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). It consists of Wireless Water Quality Monitoring Network and Remote Data Center. The hardware platform use wireless microprocessor CC2430 as the core of the node. The sensor network is builted in accordance with Zigbee wireless transmission agreement.WSN Sample the water quality, and send the data to Internet with the help of the GPRS DTU which has a built-in TCP/IP protocol. Through the Internet, Remote Data Center gets the real-time water quality data, and then analysis, process and record the data.

47 A Low Power Wireless Sensor Network for Gully Pot Monitoring in Urban Catchments

Sewer and gully blockages are the main cause of residential sewer flooding in the U.K. A low-cost and power efficient wireless sensor mesh networking communication system has been designed, developed and implemented to provide adequate warning on potential blockage incidents to prevent sewer failure. By monitoring the water level of the gully pot at each residential property, the water company will be proactively informed of the best course of actions to eliminate the causal problem, i.e., blockage and leakage within the sewer infrastructure. Hence, the number of residential sewer flooding and pollution incidents can be reduced. The prototype system consists of eight Zigbee based wireless sensor nodes and a GPRS enabled data gatherer. Each Zigbee sensor node comprises of a radio transceiver, a data acquisition board and an acoustic sensor probe.

48 A USN based Automatic waste collection system

This paper presents a novel approach to collect municipal solid waste in residential and commercial buildings using ubiquitous sensors network (USN). This technology offers exhilarating opportunities to eliminate web of wires while increasing connectivity of devices and easy expansion of network. Specifically, this research evaluates the potential of ZigBee for addressing the problem of MSW collection. The architecture of USN based Automatic waste collection system (AWCS) is proposed in this article. The proposed system is based on a series of experiments in real time scenario. The system consists of integrating wireless networks, gateways, and specially designed software. The implementation covered all processes of waste collection i.e. garbage loading and transport of waste in underground pipes from deposit spot to collection station. As compared with the conventional wired network, the proposed hybrid AWCS offers in-time fast waste collection, low installation, operational and maintenance cost along with the improvement in scalability and reliability.

49 Intelligent wireless street lighting system

We propose an innovative wireless street lighting system with optimized management and efficiency. Wireless communication uses ZigBee-based wireless devices which allow more efficient street lamp system management, thanks to an advanced interface and control architecture. It uses many sensors to control and guarantee the optimal system parameters; the information is transferred point-by-point using ZigBee transmitters and receivers and is sent to a control terminal used to check the state of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in case of failure. The system allows substantial energy savings with increased performance and maintainability.

51 Wireless Sensor Network on board vessels

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been used recently in different applications such as environmental monitoring and target tracking. Few papers have investigated the viability of this technology on board ships. We study in this paper the possibility of replacing the wired shipboard monitoring system by a WSN. This environment has a specific metallic structure which makes the wireless communication more difficult than in other classical indoor and outdoor environments. Two types of experiments have been carried out on board a ferry-type boat during sailings and stopovers.

The first experiment consists of point-to-point measurements using ZigBee-based equipments and the second one consists of deploying and testing a WSN on board the ferry. These tests have been conducted during realistic conditions on board the ferry, which give a high level of reliability to results with respect to the earlier experiments on board ships moored to the harbor. In spite of the harsh metallic structure and the dynamic environments on board the ferry, the obtained results have shown that the wireless solution may be a cost-effective alternative to the huge amount of cables used currently to connect sensors to central control units.

54 Evaluation of a wireless in-shoe sensor based on ZigBee used for drop foot stimulation

External stimulation of the Tibialis anterior muscle is a technique employed to improve mobility for patients with some neurological disabilities causing drop foot. This is achieved by electrically stimulating the motor nerve which causes contraction of the muscle. For functional use the stimulation is applied during periods when the foot needs to be lifted. This period is detected using a sensor usually placed in the shoe of the patient. The stimulation unit is placed distal from the sensor which requires a robust link to ensure a safe and reliable function. A wireless link is a convenient choice especially for users with limited mobility. However, a wireless link is subject to interference that could cause reliability issues and affect latency of transmissions.
This paper investigates a wireless link based on ZigBee and estimates the reliability and latency in laboratory conditions with different interference sources. Results are encouraging and showed acceptable performances for such an application. Clinical trials of this system are being undertaken at present.

55 Design of Automatic Meter Reading based on Zigbee

56 Design of remote intelligent home system based on ZigBee and GPRS technology

57 Parking spaces detection in indoor environments based on Zigbee

This paper describes the study about parking spaces detection in indoor environments, implementing a WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) based on Zigbee technology. Our study focuses on the analysis of the received power when a vehicle is parked or not, by monitoring the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) field defined in the MAC layer as the IEEE 802.15.4 describes. We focus in the analysis of three factors: data processing time, the influence of distance in received power and the attenuation effect in the signal when propagates, which determine the network topology to deploy and the validity of our location model.

58 In-building lighting management system with wireless communications

Smart Grid refers to the next generation power grid in which the electricity distribution and management are upgraded by incorporating advanced communications and capabilities for improved control, efficiency, reliability and safety. Among all fields covered by the term Smart Grid such as renewable energies, smart metering, electric vehicles, etc. lighting control in home and building facilities is one of the Smart Grid aspects which is still using very inefficient technologies.The energy consumption in lighting can be heavily decreased by applying the new information and communication technologies. This paper focuses on the development of a lighting management system making use of wireless sensor networks and implemented using commercial electronic ballast with DALI communication protocol.

59 Research and design about intelligent transfusion guardianship based on wireless sensor network

In view of the flaw of artificial guardianship that exists in the medical transfusion guardianship process at present, this paper develops a kind of intelligent transfusion guardianship meter based on the wireless sensor network. It is compose of the following components, including the infrared detection module, ZigBee wireless transmission unit taking CC2530 as the core controller and step motor control module. Adopt the operating system of TinyOS and nesC, which faces wireless sensor network, to carry on the software design. This kind of intelligent transfusion guardianship meter, based on the wireless sensor network, is easy to operate, and may reduce the occurrence of transfusion accidents effectively.

61 Energy saving project for heating system with ZigBee wireless control network

An energy saving system able to optimize power management and energy efficiency of an home heating plant is proposed. Thanks to an advanced interface and control architecture based on ZigBee wireless devices, a continuous control of temperature is warranted making efficient the heating plant. The system uses a sensor and actuator combination to control and guarantee the desired system parameters; the information is transferred point-by-point using ZigBee communication network and it's sent to a central unit used to check the peripheral devices state and to take appropriate measures in case of failure or alarm.

62 Wireless ECG Monitoring and alarm System Using ZigBee

This paper presents the development of a system for wireless ECG monitoring and alarm using ZigBee. The system is intended for home use by patients that are not in a critical condition but need to be constant or periodically monitored by clinicians or family. Patient monitoring is the cornerstone of proper medical care. It provides clinicians the much needed information about a person's current health status, so that they can act accordingly if anything goes wrong. Nowadays, complex patient monitoring systems offer the possibility of continuously monitoring a multitude of biological signals, analyze them, interpret them and take the appropriate action; or alert clinicians if necessary. The usual shortcomings of most of these systems reside in affecting patient mobility and home comfort. A patient would need to be sitting on a bed wired to these devices in order for his vital signs to be monitored. This system measures, records and presents in real-time the electrical activity of the heart while preserving comfort of the patient. The device is built as a low-power, small-sized, low-cost solution suitable for monitoring elderly people at home or in a nursing facility without interfering with the daily activity of a patient. It should give sufficient information in real time, and make it available remotely. The intention is not to achieve perfect clinical accuracy but the device is able to detect anomalies in the measured data and it also has alerting features. Authorized observers (clinicians or family) can monitor at any moment the state of the patient through the internet.

63 EDA based automatic detection of epileptic seizures using wireless system

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which manifest by recurrent involuntary seizures. The seizures dynamics is wide ranging from blinking of the eye to severe muscle contraction. The last category can be life threatening for the person. Currently, the epileptic seizures are impossible to predict, an alternative is to detect the seizure as early as possible and to tell the care giver that a seizure occurred and take action. The current monitoring systems involve audio and video observation which is difficult to analyze in particular during the night. The wireless electronic diagnosing system designed here is exclusively meant for epilepsy patients. The system helps in accurately predicting the occurrence of seizures. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed for detecting epileptic seizures from the skin of epileptic patients. In this paper, a system with wireless electronic diagnosing system that combines Electro dermal activity (EDA), GPS, GSM, and ARM processor is proposed. This paper provides the location of epileptic patients through GPS technology and warning to the caring persons of epileptic patient through GSM technology.

64 PIR-sensor-based lighting device with ultra-low standby power consumption

In this paper we present a way to reduce the standby power consumption of a PIR-sensor-based lighting device. Generally although a PIR-sensor-based lighting device will turn on when motion is detected, and will turn off when the motion disappears, the device still consumes 1-3 W power when the lamp is off. In our design the device consumes 0.007 W when the light is off, and is not only easy to set up but also inexpensive.

Our circuit supplies the lamp with power when motion is detected; when the motion disappears it turns the lamp off, and the electric power is shut off in order to reduce the standby power. We use an MCU which receives signals from a PIR sensor which detects any individual approaching the device. The MCU controls the SSR On/Off when used as a lighting switch for shutting off the standby power. The MCU monitoring program provides automatic detection of any individual by means of the PIR sensor. The MCU has internal modules to simplify the hardware circuit design. The circuit component count, cost and power consumption are low.

65 The design and implementation of intelligent campus security tracking system based on RFID

In this paper an intelligent campus security tracking system (iCST) has been designed and implemented base on the RFID and ZigBee network. iCST reads the RFID tags data through FRID&ZigBee node, and then sends it to PC node by a custom wireless protocol on the ZigBee. PC node gives corresponding warning or hints by the result of matching master-slave RFID tag information. When the warning occurs, its user can logon the web system to get the real-time tracking for valuables (with embedded slave RFID); where the thief arrives any one access control node, it would be blocked. User can also manage his own valuables such as lending and recovery operation through the Web manager center. Accompanied by deployment of large-scale sensor networks, iCST has a good application prospect from the aspect of experimental effect.

66 Design of safety equipment for railroad level crossings using laser range finder

Concerns regarding railroad safety have been raised worldwide due to the increased number of railroad accidents including high speed train collisions. As a consequence, the importance of safety in railroad operations has been more emphasized recently and therefore the related safety facilities are drawing attentions. As statistics shows, a large portion of railroad accidents is related to railroad level crossings and the obstacle detection at the crossings is an important problem for railroad safety. In this paper, while focusing on the local situations in Korea, the problems of the current system for level crossing obstacle detection are studied and the design of new safety system is proposed using laser range finders. The proposed system shows improved adaptability to weather changes and increased maintainability while minimizing the blind spots.

67 Secure Cash Withdrawal through Mobile Phone

The use of mobile handheld devices is expanding rapidly both within the business and individual context. These devices are now essential tools that offer competitive business advantages in todaypsilas growing world of ubiquitous computing environment. The technology advancement has made it possible to embed more facilities in mobile phones. While they provide benefits, they also pose new risks on security either by the information they contain or information that they can access remotely. Secure cash transaction is of serious concern in growing use of cash cards and internet transactions. Cash withdrawal cards, chip and pin facility is one of the facilities which have increasingly been used for business and social activities. However, there has been limited research focus on security and flexibility. This paper will introduce the concept of physical browsing and development of a system that will allow users to use their mobile phones to securely withdraw cash from ATM machines. The paper presents the architecture for the M-Cash withdrawal application and relevant technologies and security issues have been presented and relevant procedures and steps for fully implementing the application have been analyzed.

68 RFID based Ration card

Traditional item positioning system is usually categorized into manual operation or database statistics due to the fact that these items are highly important and have large circulation. However, this method has low efficiency to manage core items and even cannot be useful in the real-time monitoring and the process of tracking to the goods. So we need to provide a method-RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) which has higher reliability and its writing and reading speed that are faster than before. The purpose of this paper is to design a feasible and efficient private item positioning and monitoring management system using RFID and corresponding computer software, the system has benefits such as high durability, strong penetration, a vast memory capacity, a multi-purpose card, miniature volume, simple operation. This system could be applied to a more widely area like archives, museum and library.

69 A Novel design of Electronic Voting System Using Fingerprint

The basic theories for designing digital signatures are factorization or discrete logarithm. Generally, when building an information system, the defense ability of the system is relatively weak if using either discrete logarithm or factorization theories alone. A blind signature scheme allows a person to sign an unknown message from others without knowing the disclosure of the content. It can be widely applied to secret electronic voting, anonymous digital cash systems, database security etc. In view of the high security and efficiency and the need of a mechanism of blind signature in the future informationalized society, it is definitely essential to work out a way to eliminate the negative factors developed while building the system. We follow the main idea mentioned above and provide a novel blind signature scheme.